Learn
Guides, research reports and interactive paper walkthroughs — from how the Iowa Environmental Mesonet works to why two airports three miles apart disagree.
Mastering the MesonetThe complete guide to the Iowa Environmental Mesonet — 11 chapters, appendices, PDF and EPUB.Books & guidesSchuylkill County's Hidden ClimateRidges, valleys and 3,288 small weather worlds — a fine-scale climate portrait of one county.Pennsylvania climate reportsWhat Does Radar Actually See?NEXRAD beam coverage across south-central PA and five 2026 storm deep dives.Radar & rainfall measurementTwo Airports, 3.3 Miles ApartWhy Harrisburg International and Capital City airports disagree — 43 years of wind, rain, temperature and fog.Pennsylvania climate reportsHershey–Danville Climate TransectTerrain, extremes and compound hazards along a 75 km slice of central Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania climate reportsPA Fruit Freeze Chronicle 2026Chill hours, early bloom, the April 8 freeze and what it did to orchards.Pennsylvania climate reportsIt Rained Yesterday. We're Still in a Drought.A plain-language explainer on how drought really works.Books & guidesFour Clocks Over PennsylvaniaENSO, the NAO and friends as one system — and what each does to Pennsylvania weather.Books & guidesTeleconnections as a System (technical)28 climate indices correlated against each other and against Pennsylvania.Books & guidesAtmospheric GenesisOne station, one day: how temperature, humidity and pressure reveal the whole machinery of the sky.Books & guidesCold-Air Damming Deep DiveHow cold air gets wedged against the mountains, and how forecasters detect it.Books & guidesHistorical Gridded Snow ProductsA field guide to every long-term snowfall and snow-depth dataset for the Northeast.Books & guidesReanalysis Variable GlossaryERA5, ERA5-Land and 20CRv3 variables explained side by side.Books & guidesMRMS Product GlossaryEvery Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor product, searchable.Radar & rainfall measurementMADIS in PennsylvaniaWhat NOAA MADIS holds for Pennsylvania and how far back you can get it.Radar & rainfall measurementAcoustic Rain from a Cooking PotA citizen-science disdrometer: hearing raindrops to measure a storm.Radar & rainfall measurementWhy Rain Gauges Read LowWind, wetting and evaporation losses — and how scientists correct for them.Radar & rainfall measurementOne Radar Pixel, 100 GaugesHow much rain can vary inside a single radar pixel.Radar & rainfall measurementTipping Bucket vs PiezoA backyard comparison of two rain sensors through April 2026.Radar & rainfall measurementTipping Bucket vs Piezo: EventsEvent-by-event matching of the two sensors.Radar & rainfall measurementApril 25, 2026 Rain EventA single storm through two backyard sensors, five minutes at a time.Radar & rainfall measurementWhen Does It Rain?Clock-time and event structure of rain at three Penn State mesonet stations.Radar & rainfall measurementWhere You End the Day MattersHow the choice of "day" changes rainfall statistics.Radar & rainfall measurementKCXY Outage DiagnosticA station-QC case study from April 2026.Radar & rainfall measurementKMDT vs KCXY WindWind roses and vector math for two Harrisburg airports.Pennsylvania climate reportsPEMN 2026: Soil, Sun, Rain and SnowEarly-2026 conditions at three Penn State mesonet sites.Pennsylvania climate reportsWater Cycle & Soil PhysicsA real station's water budget, with equations, a calculator and your own data.Books & guidesAnomaly LaboratoryFinding the months that were not just extreme, but truly strange.PRISM & gridded dataThe EOF InfernoA guided descent through Pennsylvania's rainfall patterns with EOF analysis.PRISM & gridded dataEOF Modes 6–8 ViewerMonth-by-month maps of three subtle rainfall patterns.PRISM & gridded dataPRISM Equation AtlasEvery equation and parameter behind the PRISM climate maps, indexed.PRISM & gridded dataDoes the Grid Know What the Gauge Knows?Three papers that tested PRISM against real gauges.PRISM & gridded dataPRISM Influence LabPlay with station influence, distance kernels and terrain smoothing.PRISM & gridded dataEffective Degrees of FreedomHow many independent signals a grid really holds.PRISM & gridded dataPRISM as a Puzzle (prototype)PRISM broken into audited pieces that snap together.PRISM & gridded dataPA PRISM Products ComparedHow PRISM's different precipitation products differ in Pennsylvania.PRISM & gridded dataPennsylvania Precipitation RegimesSeasonal rainfall patterns and a pilot for historical reconstruction.PRISM & gridded dataPEMN vs PRISM30 mesonet stations against four PRISM products.PRISM & gridded data241 Stations vs PRISMAirport and cooperative stations against four PRISM products.PRISM & gridded dataStation Infill AuditHow much of a long-term climate archive is estimated, and how well.PRISM & gridded dataCumberland County Compression LabHow few grid cells can rebuild a whole county's rainfall?PRISM & gridded dataCumberland Lab: The LessonThe written lesson behind the compression lab.PRISM & gridded dataSLAM StudioSpatial L-moments from first principles to a real Pennsylvania experiment.Paper guidesSLAM Math From Step OneDaily rain grids to final statistics, one worked step at a time.Paper guidesWhere Can a Storm Be Moved?The SLAM test for storm transposition domains, explained.Paper guidesCloudbursts of the Mid-AtlanticAn interactive guide to Smith et al. (2025).Paper guidesRainfall Is RoughHawkes processes, memory and roughness in rainfall (Deschatre et al. 2026).Paper guidesRainfall Truth to Error ModelsA four-paper course on gauge truth, QC and validation.Paper guidesWhen the Shape of the Rain Becomes the Shape of the FloodZhou et al. (2021) on storm structure and flood frequency.Paper guidesThe Kriging EmulatorFast rain-gauge network design (Henriksen et al. 2024).Paper guidesThe Mesonet as an Atmospheric MRIAn equation compendium for dense station networks, using Blizzard Jonas.Paper guides